[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”yes” overflow=”visible”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none”][fusion_text]There have been many kingdoms mentioned in the Bible.  Some of these kingdoms include Edom, Judah, Israel, Moab, Aram Damascus, Ammon, and many others.  The Bible describes some of these civilizations through the books of the Old Testament.  This gives insights in the political and religious struggle during the time.  This helps shed light on some of the conflict that continues in parts of the world today.[/fusion_text][fusion_text]


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Who is Edom in the Bible?

It isn’t so much as to, “Who is Edom?”  It really is more of a question of, “What was Edom?”  Then again, if you really wanted to ask the question of “Who is Edom?” I guess one could respond, “Esau.”  According to the Hebrew Bible he was the progenitor of the Edomites.  Edom was a nation south of the Kingdom of Judah which consisted of a Semitic people.  The area was under control by the Edomites for approximately 1,200 years.  According to the Bible, the nation was vast stretching from the Sinai peninsula to the Kadesh Barnea.  It is thought by historians that the area was controlled by the Edomites from about 1400 – 200 BC where they were eventually conquered by the Seleucid Empire.  Antiochus III the Great more than likely ordered this attack.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ last=”yes” spacing=”yes” center_content=”no” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_position=”left top” hover_type=”none” link=”” border_position=”all” border_size=”0px” border_color=”” border_style=”” padding=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”” animation_speed=”0.1″ animation_offset=”” class=”” id=””][fusion_text]

[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none”][fusion_text]Edom also bordered the Kingdom of Moab and the tribes of the Nabatu and Arabu.  After the descriptions of the kings of Edom in the Book of Genesis there isn’t much mention of the Edomites until the conquering of their nation by King Saul of Israel.  After Edom was conquered by Saul the nation remained a vassal of the Kingdom of Israel.  It remained a vassal until Israel split into two kingdoms – Kingdom of Judah and Kingdom of Israel.  After the split it became a dependent of the Kingdom of Judah.  The division of Israel resulted in two weakened powers and Judah eventually lost hold of Edom.  During this time there were attempts to subdue the population again.  There was success to a degree, but nothing like the days of it being a vassal state of Israel.[/fusion_text][fusion_text]


[/fusion_text][fusion_text]Years later, when Nebuchadnezzar II ruled Babylon, the Edomites helped the Babylonians loot Jerusalem while slaughtering the inhabitants.  Due to the brutality of the Edomites the prophets resented Edom and spoke against the nation often.  It has often been a bumpy road between the Israelites and the Edomites throughout history.  Obadiah is one such prophet who foresees the destruction of the Edomites.  God punishes them for not getting along with their brothers, the House of Jacob.  Other prophets who speak of Edom’s destruction include Ezekiel, Jeremiah, and Malachi.[/fusion_text][fusion_text]

Where is Edom Now?

Edom was mostly of what is now modern day Jordan.  There were periods in history where the Edomites inhabited of what is part of modern day Israel as well.  No one is really sure what happened to the Edomite bloodline.  I’m not really sure if anyone would run to this claim due to the hatred and animosity towards the Edomite people.  They have been sworn enemies of the Israelites for thousands and thousands of years.  There are some who may claim that it is the Palestinians or some other enemy of Israel, but there is no real evidence that supports this position.

Therefore hear the counsel of the Lord, that he hath taken against Edom; and his purposes, that he hath purposed against the inhabitants of Teman: Surely the least of the flock shall draw them out: surely he shall make their habitations desolate with them.

Jeremiah 49:20

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Who is Queen Esther in the Bible

Queen Esther is a Jewish queen from the Old Testament.  She is the central character in the Book of Esther which was thought to be written by Mordecai, her cousin.  She was the queen of King Ahasuerus who is thought to be either King Xerxes I or Darius I of ancient Persia.  Esther became the queen after Ahasuerus exiled Vashti, the first queen, for refusing to show her beauty to his guests.  After Vashti was exiled he requested that women from all over the kingdom be brought before him.  Out of all of those maidens he chose Esther to be his queen.[/fusion_text][fusion_text]


[/fusion_text][fusion_text]Mordecai learned of a plot by two servants to kill Ahasuerus.  He reported the plot and it was foiled by the authorites.  Shortly after the assassination plot was reported Haman, a high ranking official, asked Mordecai to prostrate himself before him.  Modecai refused and Haman, filled with rage, ordered that the Jews are to be exterminated.  He was willing to pay a large sum of money for their destruction.  Mordecai filled with distraught went to see Queen Esther, his cousin, to speak with the king regarding their fate.  Normally one was not be allowed to see the king unless summoned.  It would be a sign of great disrespect and one could be put to death for this infraction.  Despite this risk, Esther invited the king and Haman to a banquet.  They both accepted.  Towards the end of the night Esther invited them both to another event the following evening which they accepted.  Shortly after the banquet, Haman ordered the construction of gallows to hang Mordecai for his insolence.

The next day Queen Esther revealed to both Haman and King Ahasuerus that she was a Jew.  When the king hears of this he orders Haman’s execution for giving the order to murder the Jews in the kingdom.  King Ahasuerus also announces that the opposite of the original order will be given.  The Jews were given the authority to kill any of their enemies, so 75,000 Persians were killed over the next two days.  Mordecai was also appointed as a high ranking government official.[/fusion_text][fusion_text]


[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ last=”no” spacing=”yes” center_content=”no” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_position=”left top” hover_type=”none” link=”” border_position=”all” border_size=”0px” border_color=”” border_style=”” padding=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”” animation_speed=”0.1″ animation_offset=”” class=”” id=””][fusion_text]In Judaism there is an annual feast day for the celebration of Esther saving all the Jews from Haman‘s orders.  This celebration is called the Purim and is celebrated on Adar 14 (for Jerusalem) and Adar 15 for other cities.  Adar is a winter month on the Hebrew calendar.  This date is based off Adar 13, the date set by Haman to commence the campaign against the Jews.  Christians do not celebrate the Purim, but they do recognize the Book of Esther as a holy book, and it is in all denominations’s Bibles.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ last=”yes” spacing=”yes” center_content=”no” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_position=”left top” hover_type=”none” link=”” border_position=”all” border_size=”0px” border_color=”” border_style=”” padding=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”” animation_speed=”0.1″ animation_offset=”” class=”” id=””][fusion_text][/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

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Who is the Holy Spirit in the Bible?

The Holy Spirit is part of the Trinity – equal and one in the same with both the Son and the Father.  It is denoted as the third part of the Holy Trinity.  Most Christians hold this belief that the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit are one in the same.  The belief in the Trinity was adopted very early in the Church, and was mentioned by bishops as early as 100AD.  There has been many mentions of the Holy Spirit in the Bible.  According to some sources it is mentioned up to 90 times.

One could think of the Holy Spirit as the essence of God.  It’s still God, but in a different form.  The Holy Spirit appears many times throughout the Bible.  Pentecost would probably be the most familiar to just about everyone.  Other occasions in which the Holy Spirit appeared was the baptism and temptation of Jesus Christ.

While being baptized by John, the Bible mentions that the Spirit of God came from heaven in the physical form of a dove and descended upon Jesus.  This was the first of the five major milestones in Jesus’s life and began His ministry to the people.  Despite being referred to quite often as the ‘Spirit of God’ most people of the Christian faith believes that this refers to the ‘Holy Spirit,’ and that’s how it is normally read or taught.

After Jesus’s baptism the Holy Spirit lead Jesus into the desert to be tempted by the devil.  During this time Jesus’s fasted for forty days and forty nights.  He was tempted by the devil three times, He refuted the devil’s temptations, and then returned to Galilee.[/fusion_text][fusion_code]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[/fusion_code][fusion_text]There are times when the Acts of the Apostles is referred to as the “Book of the Holy Spirit.”  Not only is the Holy Spirit mentioned throughout the book, but It is also responsible for giving the apostles the power to defend Christianity throughout the kingdom.  The Holy Spirit is mentioned about fifty-five times in the Acts of the Apostles.[/fusion_text][fusion_text]Any time that the Holy Spirit is mentioned it is typically referred to as a dove or fire.  This is an indication that, like God, the Holy Spirit is both peaceful and powerful.  Other names of the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament include Spirit of God, Spirit of Hashem, and Spirit of Wisdom.  In the New Testament the Holy Spirit was referred to as Spirit of Christ, Spirit of Truth, and Paraclete.  In three of the Gospels, Jesus says that any blasphemy against the Holy Spirit is an unforgivable sin.

The Holy Spirit is something special and assists us in our daily lives.  It bestows the attributes we need to maintain a healthy relationship with both God and the people around us.  It gives us the attributes of wisdom, strength, and understanding.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_3″ layout=”1_3″ last=”no” spacing=”yes” center_content=”no” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_position=”left top” hover_type=”none” link=”” border_position=”all” border_size=”0px” border_color=”” border_style=”” padding_top=”” padding_right=”” padding_bottom=”” padding_left=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”” animation_speed=”0.1″ animation_offset=”” class=”” id=”” min_height=””][fusion_text]

He that is not with me is against me; and he that gathereth not with me scattereth abroad.

Wherefore I say unto you, All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven unto men: but the blasphemy against the Holy Ghost shall not be forgiven unto men.

And whosoever speaketh a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but whosoever speaketh against the Holy Ghost, it shall not be forgiven him, neither in this world, neither in the world to come.

Matthew 12:30-32

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Also I say unto you, Whosoever shall confess me before men, him shall the Son of man also confess before the angels of God:

But he that denieth me before men shall be denied before the angels of God.

And whosoever shall speak a word against the Son of man, it shall be forgiven him: but unto him that blasphemeth against the Holy Ghost it shall not be forgiven.

Luke 12:8-10

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The vision of Obadiah. Thus saith the Lord God concerning Edom; We have heard a rumour from the Lord, and an ambassador is sent among the heathen, Arise ye, and let us rise up against her in battle.

Obadiah 1:1

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Who Was Obadiah in the Bible?

Obadiah is viewed throughout Christianity as an Old Testament minor prophet who wrote the Book of Obadiah.  He was a Canaanite born in the city of Shechem.  The name Obadiah means “servant of God.”  The book concerns Obadiah’s vision in which he is shown the destruction of Edom which was the region south of the Kingdom of Judah.  God states that Edom is being punished for its arrogance and refusal to cooperate with the House of Jacob.

The book is very short.  It is one chapter that consists of twenty-one verses.  This is one of the reasons he is attributed to be a minor prophet.  It is the shortest book in the Hebrew Bible and third shortest in the Catholic Bible.

Scholars think that his ministry was about 590 BC.

Feast Days for Obadiah

He is viewed as a saint by many Eastern Churches.  His feast day is Tobi 15 of the Coptic Orthodox Church.  This falls on either January 23rd or 24th of the Gregorian calendar.  The celebration for both the Eastern Catholic and Eastern Orthodox is December 2nd of the Gregorian calendar.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ last=”yes” spacing=”yes” center_content=”no” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_position=”left top” hover_type=”none” link=”” border_position=”all” border_size=”0px” border_color=”” border_style=”” padding=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”” animation_speed=”0.1″ animation_offset=”” class=”” id=””][fusion_text]

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And the house of Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and the house of Esau for stubble, and they shall kindle in them, and devour them; and there shall not be any remaining of the house of Esau; for the Lord hath spoken it.

Obadiah 1:18

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[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”yes” overflow=”visible”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none”][fusion_text]This is a difficult question.  There have been mentions of many individuals named John in the time of Jesus.  In fact, this was a relatively common name.  Traditionally it is thought to be John the Apostle (the Evangelist).[/fusion_text][fusion_text]


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Who Wrote the Book of John in the Bible

Whoever wrote the book appeared to have wanted to remain anonymous, because the only reference he gave to himself was “disciple whom Jesus loved.”  This could have been John the Apostle or, quite possibly, someone pretending to be.  There are a number of reasons this person could have chosen to remain anonymous.  One factor may have been fear of prosecution from the local population and government.  The Roman empire wasn’t particularly kind to early Christians until hundreds of years later.  There was also a growing tension with the Jewish population as well.

The date that it was written was thought to be around 100 AD.  It is thought that the text went through a couple revisions, so the “rough draft” was probably put together years earlier.  It was discovered in a Jewish Christian community during a time when Jewish Christians were breaking away from synagogues.  Due to the timing of its release the Gospel of John portrayed a large resentment toward “the Jews.”  Jerome H. Neyrey is a New Testament scholar that thinks that this statement is not necessarily intended to be Anti-Semitic.  Most likely “the Jews” was in reference to the traditional Jews at the time who did not acknowledge Jesus as the Messiah.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_2″ last=”yes” spacing=”yes” center_content=”no” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_position=”left top” hover_type=”none” link=”” border_position=”all” border_size=”0px” border_color=”” border_style=”” padding=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”” animation_speed=”0.1″ animation_offset=”” class=”” id=””][fusion_text]

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Recent Challenges as to Who Wrote the Book of John

There is also a hypothesis that the Gospel of John and other books referencing “John” could have been written by more than one person.  This collection of five works in the Bible is commonly referred to as the Johannine literature.  Recently there has been a growing consensus whether John the Apostle actually wrote the Gospel of John or any of the other books.  Some scholars still defend the idea that John the Apostle wrote, at least, the Gospel of John.  Either way it tells a very important story that is core to our Christian belief.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][/fusion_builder_row][/fusion_builder_container]

[fusion_builder_container hundred_percent=”yes” overflow=”visible”][fusion_builder_row][fusion_builder_column type=”1_1″ background_position=”left top” background_color=”” border_size=”” border_color=”” border_style=”solid” spacing=”yes” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” padding=”” margin_top=”0px” margin_bottom=”0px” class=”” id=”” animation_type=”” animation_speed=”0.3″ animation_direction=”left” hide_on_mobile=”no” center_content=”no” min_height=”none”][fusion_text]John Mark is a person in the Bible who early Christians thought to have written the Gospel of Mark.  He is mentioned quite a few times in the Acts of the Apostles as, “John, who was also called Mark.”  A reason for this was at the time a Jew would have two different names.  One name would be Semitic, and the other, Roman.  John would have been his Hebrew name, and Mark would have been his Greco-Roman name.[/fusion_text][fusion_text]


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Who was John Mark in the Bible

He is mentioned as the assistant or mentor to Peter as well as his interpreter.  John Mark is more commonly referred to as Mark the Evangelist.  He would have been the one who was documenting accounts of Jesus through Peter.  This is why the Gospel of Mark is thought by some to have been the earliest written accounts of Jesus’s teachings.  He is also responsible for the creation of the church of Africa, and became the bishop of Alexandria in 42AD.  Through the establishment of Christianity in Alexandria, it was able to spread through all of Egypt.

John Mark is also thought to be the cousin of Barnabas.  There are a few scholars though that now think that this might not be the case.  The first person to mention this idea was Hippolytus of Rome.  He thought that Mark, the cousin of Barnabas and Mark the Evangelist were two different people.  There is always going to be some disagreement with who most of the characters in the Bible were.  It isn’t as if there is a biography of each person mentioned attached to the Book.  This is unfortunate for those who really want to know.  Remember the messages are the important part, not who wrote them.  We should at least all be on a consensus with that.[/fusion_text][fusion_text]


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Feast Day of John Mark and Mark the Evangelist

This is actually a bit confusing.  Even though early Christians thought of them as the same person, there are two different feast days.  The feast day of John Mark is treated as the 27th of September.  He is venerated in both the Roman and Eastern Catholic Churches.  Mark the Evangelist’s feast day is the 25th of April and is venerated in all Christian churches.  This is because of the nature of Roman Martyrology of Saint John Mark and Mark, the writer of the Gospel.[/fusion_text][/fusion_builder_column][fusion_builder_column type=”1_3″ last=”no” spacing=”yes” center_content=”no” hide_on_mobile=”no” background_color=”” background_image=”” background_repeat=”no-repeat” background_position=”left top” hover_type=”none” link=”” border_position=”all” border_size=”0px” border_color=”” border_style=”” padding=”” margin_top=”” margin_bottom=”” animation_type=”” animation_direction=”” animation_speed=”0.1″ animation_offset=”” class=”” id=””][fusion_text]

And when he had considered the thing, he came to the house of Mary the mother of John, whose surname was Mark; where many were gathered together praying.

Acts 12:12

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And Barnabas determined to take with them John, whose surname was Mark.

But Paul thought not good to take him with them, who departed from them from Pamphylia, and went not with them to the work.

Acts 15:37-38

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And Barnabas and Saul returned from Jerusalem, when they had fulfilled their ministry, and took with them John, whose surname was Mark.

Acts 12:25

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